The PA Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), Department of Transportation (PennDOT), and Keep PA Beautiful, partnered in 2018 to perform a research study to document the quantity, composition and sources of litter in Pennsylvania.  There are approximately 502.5 million pieces of litter on Pennsylvania roadways, primarily cigarette butts and plastic bottles. In the nine cities studied, more than $68.5 million is spent annually on efforts to address litter and illegal dumping. Using Pennsylvania specific data, the first ever Statewide Litter Action Plan was created, with a goal of changing behaviors to curb the statewide litter problem. One of the first recommendations to be addressed was the creation of the anti-litter campaign, "PA Fights Dirty: Every Litter Bit Matters", which aims to shift the narrative from cleaning up the mess to changing behaviors.